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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Artisans Order of Mutual Protection ： ウィキペディア英語版 Artisans Order of Mutual Protection The Artisans Order of Mutual Protection is a fraternal benefit society operating in the United States and Canada. == History == The Order was founded by Dr. James Bunn, who had also helped found the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Preliminary meetings on the idea of a fraternal order that would be more satisfactory in terms of benefits were first held in 1867. This group met again in 1872 in St. Louis, were Dr. Bunn unveiled the rituals of the order and administered an oath to keep it secret. Another convention was held in Washington, DC in 1873 and Bunn was authorized to institute assemblies of the Order and was given the title "Most Excellent Master Artisan". In its early years the Order had had a lengthy ritual that was heavily influenced by Freemasonry. It worked three degrees - Endentured Apprentice, fellow Workman and Perfect Artisan. The rituals lengths and derivativeness led to some controversy within the organization and it was shortened. The shortened version was kept essentially unchanged into the 1970s.〔Alvin J. Schmidt ''Fraternal Orders'' (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press), 1980, pp.44-5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Artisans Order of Mutual Protection」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.